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GCSE History · key term
A hostile label used for German politicians associated with accepting the November 1918 armistice and the subsequent peace settlement.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Paper 1
Revise: Impact of the SettlementNationalists accused civilian politicians of a Dolchstoss, or ‘stab in the back’, and called politicians associated with accepting defeat the ‘November Criminals’. The accusation shifted blame onto the politicians who accepted the armistice and peace, helping opponents portray the republic as illegitimate. It was an accusation of betrayal, not proof that those politicians had caused Germany’s defeat.
Paper 3
An insulting label used by opponents of the Republic for the politicians associated with accepting the November 1918 armistice.
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Although ending the war was necessary, opponents labelled the politicians associated with it the ‘November Criminals’.