Factor

Historians explain these developments through seven factors: war; superstition and religion; chance; government; communication; science and technology; and individuals. These are influences to investigate, not seven separate explanations that work equally well for every development.

In 1219, Henry III abolished trial by ordeal in England, and trial by jury became more common. These connected decisions show why factors must be considered together: a change in Church policy helped make possible a change enforced by royal government. The method of deciding guilt changed, but religion remained influential in medieval society.