Biodiversity

Tropical rainforests occur close to the Equator, including in South America, Africa and South-east Asia. They are hot and wet throughout the year, with temperatures commonly around 26–28°C and annual rainfall around 2,000 mm or more. These conditions allow continuous plant growth, producing dense, layered vegetation and very high biodiversity.

For example, damage to fish habitats can affect both marine biodiversity and the fishing communities that depend on them.

High biodiversity therefore reflects several connected advantages: productive vegetation, rapid nutrient cycling, varied habitats and opportunities for specialisation.

Low temperatures and short growing seasons restrict plant growth, so terrestrial biodiversity is low.