Age structure

Migration can change age structure because migrants are not evenly distributed across age groups. The arrival of younger workers and departure of some retirees help explain Birmingham's youthful population. This affects the kinds of services needed, including education, employment support and leisure facilities.

Age structure also differs. Urban cores generally have younger populations, whereas remote rural areas tend to have older populations. These contrasts affect service needs: an area with many older residents may need more healthcare and support, while one with many children needs sufficient school places.