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GCSE English Literature · key term
A narrative told after its events have happened, allowing the storyteller to contrast earlier feelings with later knowledge.
Used by AQA, Edexcel, OCR and Eduqas
Paper 1, Paper 2
A narrative told after the events have happened, allowing the narrator to interpret them with hindsight.
An account that looks back on events after they have happened, allowing the narrator to interpret earlier choices through knowledge of their consequences.
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An account of earlier events told from a later point in time, with the benefit or influence of hindsight.
Storytelling that looks back on earlier events with knowledge gained afterwards.
A narrative told by someone looking back on events that have already happened, with knowledge of their outcome.
An account told after the events have happened. Victor describes his youthful hopes with knowledge of their disastrous consequences.
A narrative told after the events have happened, allowing the narrator's later knowledge and attitudes to shape the account.
A story told by a narrator looking back on earlier events. In Great Expectations, adult Pip recalls and interprets his younger self’s experiences.
A narrative told by someone looking back on earlier events. In Jane Eyre, the adult Jane recounts and interprets her younger self’s experiences.
Storytelling that looks back on earlier events. The narrator can combine remembered experiences with understanding gained later.
A narrative told by someone looking back on earlier events. Adult Jane can describe and reassess the prejudices of her younger self.
A first-person account that looks back on an earlier experience, allowing the perspective of the remembering speaker to shape its meaning.
Paper 1, Paper 2
A narrative that looks back at earlier events, revealing them after they have happened.
Revise: Eva SmithThe play uses a retrospective narrative: the reported ending of Eva’s life comes first, then the investigation reconstructs her earlier experiences. Each revelation makes the initial announcement more meaningful. What first seems distant becomes connected to decisions made by everyone present.
An account told by someone looking back on earlier events, allowing their later understanding to accompany their past experiences.
A narrative told by someone looking back on earlier experiences, allowing their later understanding to be set against their thoughts at the time.
A narrative told after the events it describes, allowing the narrator to look back with knowledge of their consequences.
A narrative in which a speaker looks back on earlier events with knowledge of their consequences.
A narrative in which a speaker looks back on past events. Jekyll’s final statement explains earlier violence while also revealing how he tries to account for his responsibility.
Paper 1
A story told by someone looking back on earlier events. Kathy narrates Never Let Me Go at thirty-one, recalling her childhood and younger adulthood.
A narrative told by someone looking back on earlier events. It can combine what the person understood at the time with their later interpretation.
A narrative told by someone looking back on earlier events, whose memories and later understanding shape their account.
An account told after the events have happened, so that later knowledge and feelings can shape how earlier experiences are presented.
A narrative in which someone looks back on earlier events. Kathy’s adult recollections shape how readers encounter Miss Lucy’s actions.
Storytelling in which a narrator looks back on events from a later point in their life.
Component 2
Storytelling that looks back on events after they have happened. The storyteller can combine memories with knowledge gained later.
A narrative told after the events have happened, allowing the storyteller to combine memories with information learned later.
An account told after the events have happened, allowing the storyteller to combine remembered experience with later knowledge and reflection.
A narrative told after its events have happened, allowing the storyteller to combine remembered experience with knowledge gained later.
A narrative told after its events have happened, allowing the storyteller to combine remembered experiences with later knowledge.
A narrative told after the events have happened, allowing the storyteller to interpret or justify earlier actions.
A first-person account looking back on earlier events with knowledge of what happened afterwards.
An account told after the events have happened, so the narrator’s later knowledge and feelings can shape the telling.
A story told after its events have happened, so that the narrator’s knowledge of the outcome shapes the account of earlier experiences.
A narrative told by someone looking back on events that have already happened.
An account told after the events have happened, allowing the narrator’s later knowledge and attitudes to shape their presentation.
An account told by a narrator looking back on events that happened earlier in their life.
An account in which a narrator looks back on events that happened earlier in their life.
Storytelling in which a narrator looks back on earlier events. The older Pip can judge behaviour that his younger self did not fully understand.
Storytelling that looks back on past events, allowing a narrator’s later understanding to differ from what they understood at the time.
An account told after the events have happened, allowing the storyteller to contrast earlier beliefs with later knowledge.
A first-person narrative which recounts events after they have happened, allowing the narrator to combine remembered experience with information learned later.
A story told by someone looking back on events after they have happened.
An account told after the events have happened, allowing the narrator to combine remembered experience with knowledge gained later.
A narrative told after its events have happened. The narrator of The War of the Worlds combines memories of the invasion with explanations developed afterwards.
An account told after the events have happened, allowing the storyteller to reconsider earlier feelings and judgements.
A narrative told after the events it describes, allowing the narrator to interpret earlier choices with knowledge of their consequences.
A narrative that looks back on earlier events. Jekyll’s final statement retrospectively explains violence already encountered in other characters’ accounts.
A narrative told after the events have happened, allowing the storyteller to look back with knowledge gained later.
A story told after its events have happened, allowing the storyteller to contrast earlier beliefs with later knowledge.
A story told after its events have happened, allowing the storyteller’s later knowledge to qualify earlier beliefs.
A narrative told by someone looking back on earlier events. In Jane Eyre, the adult Jane recounts and interprets her younger self’s experiences.
Narration in which a storyteller looks back on earlier experiences, potentially combining past feelings with later understanding.
A narrative in which the storyteller looks back on earlier experiences, sometimes reassessing them with greater understanding.
An account written or spoken after the events it describes, allowing the narrator’s later knowledge to shape the telling.
A narrative that looks back on events after they have happened, allowing later knowledge to influence how earlier experiences are presented.
A narrative that looks back on earlier events, allowing a speaker to interpret them with knowledge of their consequences.
Storytelling in which a narrator looks back on events that have already happened.
