Free indirect discourse

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

A technique in which third-person narration takes on a character’s thoughts, feelings or way of speaking without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Free indirect discourse lets her assumptions enter the narration. Before the first proposal, for example, “his pride and caprice were the cause” of Jane’s suffering reflects Elizabeth’s angry interpretation (narrator conveying Elizabeth’s thoughts, Chapter 33), rather than a complete explanation of Darcy’s motives.

Third-person narration which adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Part (a): distinguish a character’s judgement from Austen’s judgement, especially when the narrator adopts a character’s thoughts through free indirect discourse.

A narrative method in which third-person narration takes on a character’s thoughts, judgements or emotional language without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Narration in which a character’s thoughts or judgements enter the third-person narrator’s language without always being introduced by phrases such as ‘she thought’.

A narrative method in which third-person narration takes on a character's thoughts or expressions without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Prose narration that takes on a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

A narrative method that expresses a character’s thoughts or idiom within third-person narration, without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without introducing them as direct speech.

A narrative method in which third-person narration takes on a character’s thoughts, feelings or manner of expression without directly quoting their speech.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting them or introducing them with a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

A narrative method in which third-person narration adopts a character’s perspective or ways of thinking without directly quoting their speech.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly introducing them as spoken words.

Third-person narration that takes on a character’s thoughts or perspective without directly quoting them or repeatedly saying that they thought something.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly introducing them as spoken words.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts, expressions or judgements without presenting them as direct speech or explicitly introducing them with a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

Austen also uses free indirect discourse, blending third-person narration with a character’s thoughts. In Chapter 22, after Charlotte’s announcement, the narration adopts Elizabeth’s shocked perspective: “Charlotte, the wife of Mr. Collins, was a most humiliating picture!” The exclamation conveys Elizabeth’s emotional judgement without making it spoken dialogue.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts, feelings or expressions without introducing them with a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or judgments without directly quoting them or always introducing them with phrases such as ‘she thought’.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without explicitly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or characteristic expressions without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that takes on a character’s thoughts, feelings or characteristic language without directly quoting their speech.

Elizabeth, by contrast, thinks, ‘Charlotte, the wife of Mr. Collins, was a most humiliating picture!’ This exclamation carries Elizabeth’s emotional judgement into the third-person narration through free indirect discourse. Readers can understand her horror without having to accept it as Austen’s final verdict.

A technique in which third-person narration adopts a character’s expressions and perspective to convey their thoughts without directly quoting them.

A third-person narrative method that adopts a character’s or group’s vocabulary and judgements without directly presenting them as quoted speech.

Narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting them or introducing them with a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

A narrative method in which the narrator’s third-person account takes on a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly quoting them.

A narrative technique in which third-person narration adopts a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly quoting them.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or manner of speaking without directly introducing them as speech.

The surrounding narration moves into Godfrey’s self-justifying thoughts through free indirect discourse. He persuades himself that the child can be happy without him and that confession would needlessly spoil his happiness. Eliot lets readers recognise how an apparently reasonable explanation serves his own desires.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without presenting them as directly spoken dialogue.

A narrative technique in which third-person narration takes on a character's thoughts or characteristic language without directly quoting their speech.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting them, allowing the reader to experience that character’s perspective.

Narration which presents a character’s thoughts or judgements in the third person without always introducing them with a phrase such as ‘she thought’. Austen uses it to bring readers close to Elizabeth’s changing perspective.

A narrative method in which third-person narration incorporates a character’s thoughts and judgements without always introducing them with phrases such as ‘she thought’.

A narrative technique in which third-person narration takes on a character’s thoughts, vocabulary or tone without directly quoting their speech.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

A narrative method in which third-person narration takes on a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting them.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting them or introducing them with a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

A narrative method that presents a character’s thoughts or perspective within third-person narration, without directly quoting the character speaking.

A narrative technique in which third-person narration adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without directly quoting their speech.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting them, bringing the reader close to that character’s perspective.

The presentation of a character’s thoughts within third-person narration, without always introducing them with a phrase such as ‘he thought’.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without always introducing them as direct speech. It brings readers close to Elizabeth’s changing understanding of Darcy.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or distinctive expressions without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Narration that blends a character’s thoughts or expressions into the narrator’s third-person voice without presenting them as directly spoken words.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or vocabulary without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

A narrative technique that blends third-person narration with a character's thoughts or characteristic expressions, without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that takes on a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration which moves into a character’s thoughts and assumptions without presenting them as direct speech.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts, vocabulary or emotional tone without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly quoting them. Austen uses it to bring readers close to Elizabeth’s changing judgements.

Narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or judgements without directly quoting their speech. It can bring readers close to a viewpoint without making that viewpoint an unquestionable truth.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or expressions without directly quoting them or using a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

Third-person narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or characteristic language without introducing them as direct speech.

Third-person narration that adopts a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly introducing them as speech or thought.

Third-person narration that takes on a character’s thoughts or way of speaking without directly introducing them as a quotation.

Language or narration that adopts a character's thoughts and expressions without directly quoting them, bringing the reader close to that character's viewpoint.

A narrative method in which third-person narration takes on a character’s thoughts or manner of expression without directly quoting their speech.

Narration that incorporates a character’s thoughts or characteristic language without directly quoting the character or introducing the thoughts with a phrase such as ‘she thought’.

Definition

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AQA GCSE English Literature · 8702

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Edexcel GCSE English Literature · 1ET0

OCR GCSE English Literature · J352

Eduqas GCSE English Literature · C720