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GCSE Chemistry · key term
The ability of a material to resist wear, scratching or indentation.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 4.1.3.1, 4.2.3.1, 4.10.3.2 · Paper 1, Paper 2
The ability of a material to resist scratching, cutting or indentation.
Revise: Comparison with Alkali MetalsHardness describes its resistance to scratching, cutting or indentation.
The resistance of a material to scratching, cutting or permanent indentation.
The ability of a material to resist scratching, denting or wear.
Specification 9.39C · Paper 1, Paper 2
A material's resistance to scratching or indentation.
Revise: Practical: Investigating the Properties of AlloysDensity is not a direct measure of hardness. An alloy can be harder than a pure metal while being either more or less dense, depending on its composition. This is why several properties should be reported separately.
Resistance to scratching, wear or indentation.
Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher), Paper 4 (Higher)
Resistance to scratching or indentation.
Revise: Comparing material propertiesHardness is resistance to scratching or indentation. Brittleness is the tendency to break with little permanent change of shape first. A glass surface can resist scratches yet shatter when struck: being hard does not prevent a material from being brittle.
The ability of a material to resist scratching, indentation or wear.
The ability of a material to resist being scratched, dented or deformed.
Treat strength and hardness as separate properties. Strength is resistance to breaking or permanent deformation; hardness is resistance to scratching, cutting or indentation.
For hardness, refer to many strong covalent bonds extending through a rigid three-dimensional structure; do not merely state that diamond is strong.
Do not conclude that every alloy is harder than every pure metal. State what your results show for the samples tested, then explain why alloying often increases hardness.
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