Key terms & definitions

Post Office Protocol version 3: rules for retrieving email from a server by downloading messages to a device for local access.

The head of the Roman Catholic Church, whose authority Henry challenged to secure his annulment.

The Bishop of Rome, successor of St Peter and head of the Catholic Church.

A fabricated Catholic conspiracy publicised by Titus Oates in 1678, alleging plans to kill Charles II and place his Catholic brother James on the throne.

A rivet set using a rivet gun, allowing a joint to be made with access from only one side.

Entertainment, music, books and other cultural activities enjoyed by large numbers of people.

The extent to which a product, style or material is liked or wanted.

Devotional practices through which believers express their faith, individually or together, such as the Rosary and the Stations of the Cross.

The tabloid or 'red top' newspaper press, including The Sun and the Daily Mirror.

The principle that settlers in a territory should decide whether slavery would be permitted there.

The whole set of people, objects or sites that an investigation seeks to understand.

All the organisms of one species living in a particular area at a particular time.

All the organisms of one species living in a particular habitat.

The complete group of people, objects or results about which information is wanted.

The whole group of people or items that a statistical investigation concerns.

The wider group from which a research sample is selected, such as all pupils in a school.

The make-up of a population, including the proportions of people in different age, ethnic, religious and disability groups.

The average number of people per unit area, usually expressed as people per square kilometre: $\text{population density} = \frac{\text{population}}{\text{area}}$.

The number of organisms per unit area, for example plants per square metre.

The way people are spread across an area.

The presence of people with different origins, languages or cultural traditions within a population.

An increase in the number of people living in an area.

The percentage change in a population over a stated period of time.

The sum of all values in a population divided by the number of values in that population.

A feature of the whole population, such as its true proportion, mean or distribution.

A numerical characteristic of a whole population, such as its mean or the proportion of its members with a particular characteristic.

Increasing demand for land and resources as the number of people in an area grows.

An estimate of a future population based on assumptions about births, deaths and migration; it is not a certain prediction.

A graph of a population’s age and sex structure, with horizontal bars showing the number or percentage in each age group.

A diagram showing how a population is distributed across age groups, usually with male and female populations shown on opposite sides.