Key terms & definitions

Unable to dissolve in water.

A type of dietary fibre that helps make faeces bulky, soft and easier to pass.

A substance that does not dissolve, or dissolves only very slightly, in the reaction mixture.

A salt that does not dissolve appreciably in water.

The inability of a business to pay its debts when they fall due.

Regular difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or returning to sleep after waking early, often accompanied by tiredness and impaired daytime functioning.

Checking products or work against an agreed standard to identify faults or departures from that standard.

Identifying an unusual value by looking at the data or its display, rather than applying a numerical outlier rule.

The Catholic belief that the Holy Spirit guided the biblical writers, who expressed God's message through their own human words.

Breathing in: drawing air into the lungs.

The additional volume of air that can be breathed in after a normal inhalation.

The rate of reaction at one particular moment, found from the gradient of a tangent to a curve.

The rate at a particular moment, found from the gradient of a tangent to an amount–time curve.

The gradient at one particular point on a curve, representing the rate of change at that instant.

The speed of an object at one particular moment.

The speed of an object at one particular moment, rather than its average speed over an interval.

Creating a particular instance of a defined type, such as creating a Car record containing one car's details.

An established organisation with authority and influence over society, such as government or the Church.

The funding, organisations and production arrangements that influence how a film is made.

Racial discrimination arising from an organisation’s procedures, practices and culture, rather than only from the deliberate actions of individual members.

Discrimination embedded in the practices or structures of institutions, rather than only in an individual’s openly prejudiced behaviour.

Practices or policies within an organisation that systematically disadvantage people from particular racial groups.

Organisational policies, procedures or established practices that systematically disadvantage people on racial grounds, whether or not individuals openly express racist beliefs.

A command that tells the CPU which operation to carry out.

The collection of instructions that a processor can recognise and execute.

The use of scientific instruments to detect, identify or measure substances from a recorded signal.

Cooperation with other workers, for example through a trade union, primarily to improve personal pay and working conditions rather than to pursue wider class interests.

A method that uses measuring equipment to detect, identify or measure chemical substances.

The breadwinning and disciplinary role that Parsons associated with men in the family.

The written constitution introduced in December 1653 which established government under a Lord Protector, a Council of State and Parliament.