Key terms & definitions

Representing God in human form or with human characteristics.

A treatment that inhibits bacterial growth on a textile.

A substance that kills bacteria or stops them growing.

A medicine that kills bacteria or stops their growth, used to treat bacterial infections.

A medicine that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth; antibiotics do not treat viral infections.

A medicine used to treat bacterial infections by killing bacteria or stopping their growth; it does not treat viral infections.

A small paper disc containing an antibiotic, placed on an inoculated agar plate to test its effect on bacterial growth.

The ability of bacteria to survive an antibiotic that would normally kill them or stop their growth.

The ability of a bacterium to survive or continue growing when exposed to an antibiotic that would normally kill it or inhibit it.

The ability of bacteria to survive an antibiotic that would normally kill them.

A gene used to identify cells that have taken up DNA; an antibiotic resistance marker allows those cells to survive exposure to a particular antibiotic.

A gene that allows cells carrying it to survive exposure to a particular antibiotic, enabling their selection.

A protein produced by the body’s immune system that recognises a particular foreign substance and helps defend the body against it.

A protein made by white blood cells that binds specifically to an antigen.

A protein produced by white blood cells that binds to a specific pathogen and helps the body destroy it.

Predicting when an event will happen, allowing a person to begin responding before they actually detect it.

An increase in heart rate before physical activity begins, caused by adrenaline release as the body prepares for exercise.

A sudden movement from an exciting or important expectation to a disappointing or diminished outcome, such as opening the recovered chest and finding nothing inside.

The direction opposite to the movement of the hands of a clock.

A medicine that reduces blood clotting.

A triplet of bases on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA.

An agreement against international communism, signed by Germany and Japan in November 1936 and joined by Italy in 1937.

An area of high atmospheric pressure, usually bringing settled, relatively dry weather.

A medicine used mainly to treat the symptoms of depression by affecting neurotransmitter activity in the brain.

A hormone that controls how much water is reabsorbed from the kidney tubules into the blood.

A molecule, often a protein on a cell or pathogen, that an antibody can recognise and bind to.

A molecule on a pathogen’s surface to which a specific antibody can bind.

A character who lacks the conventional qualities of a hero, such as respectable behaviour or obedience to authority.

A central character who performs heroic actions but has significant flaws or uses morally questionable methods.

A medicine used to lower high blood pressure.