Key terms & definitions

The liquid that passes through filter paper during filtration.

The liquid or solution that passes through the filter paper during filtration.

The removal of small molecules from the blood to form a fluid called filtrate.

The removal of insoluble solid particles by passing water through a filtering material.

Separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid or solution using a filter.

Energy consumed by final users after transformation, such as electricity supplied to a household or petrol used in transport.

Energy used directly by people and businesses in activities such as heating, transport and operating machinery.

The universal judgement of humanity by Christ at the end of the world, confirming each person’s particular judgement.

The mass of a sample after it has spent the stated time in the test solution.

Muhammad’s teaching delivered during his final Hajj, including the rejection of racial superiority and the importance of piety and good actions.

The Nazi term for the systematic murder of Europe’s Jews.

The speed of an object at the end of the interval being considered, represented by $v$.

Testing the complete program at the end of production to check that its modules work together and that it meets its requirements.

The value at the end of the period being compared.

The value after the stated change has taken place.

The velocity at the end of the period of motion being considered, represented by $v$.

The velocity at the end of the time interval being considered, represented by $v$.

The velocity at the end of the time interval being considered.

Funding used to start, operate or expand a business.

The area of a business that manages financial matters and provides financial information to support planning and decision-making.

A rapid rise in asset prices driven by expectations of further price increases, followed by a collapse when confidence fails.

Numerical information about a business’s finances, including revenue, costs, profit and cash balances.

An estimate of a business’s future financial results or position, based on assumptions and available information.

A reward with monetary value intended to encourage employees to work harder or more effectively.

Numerical information about a business’s money and financial performance, such as revenue, costs, profit and cash flow.

The loss of money through business activity, including money an owner has invested.

A business target concerned with financial performance, such as profit, sales or financial security.

The major changes in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century methods of raising and managing money, especially government borrowing and investment through joint-stock companies.

Having sufficient income and reserves to meet financial commitments and cope with unexpected expenses.

A measurable financial result that a business aims to achieve within a specified period.