OCR GCSE Combined Science B key terms

A measure of the turn between two lines meeting at a point.

The angle between the incoming ray and the normal.

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.

The angle between the ray travelling into the new material and the normal.

A negatively charged ion, attracted to the anode during electrolysis.

The positive electrode in electrolysis, where oxidation occurs and electrons are lost.

A result that does not fit the pattern of other observations or repeated measurements.

Caused by human activities.

A substance that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth and reproduction.

An inherited characteristic that allows bacteria to survive exposure to an antibiotic that would normally kill them or inhibit their growth.

A protein produced by white blood cells that binds to a specific antigen and helps defend against the pathogen.

A molecule recognised by the immune system that can trigger the production of specific antibodies.

A substance that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth.

A protein produced by lymphocytes that neutralises a toxin released by a pathogen.

Dissolved in water; represented by (aq) in a chemical equation.

A solution in which water is the solvent.

A water-based solvent.

The amount of two-dimensional space covered by a shape, measured in square units such as cm².

The sum of the data values divided by the number of values.

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

A method of handling microorganisms and equipment that reduces contamination by unwanted microorganisms.

A condition or simplification taken to be true when constructing or using a model.

The mixture of gases surrounding a planet, held there by gravity.

The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical identity, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

A representation of atomic structure used to explain observations and make predictions; it can change when new evidence becomes available.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, represented by $Z$. It identifies the element.

A molecule that transfers energy released by respiration to processes within a cell.