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OCR · J250 · Gateway Science
Inertial mass
A measure of how difficult it is to change an object's velocity, defined by m=F/am = F/am=F/a, where FFF is the resultant force and aaa is the resulting acceleration. Its SI unit is the kilogram (kg).
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Infection
The entry and multiplication of a pathogen in or on a host.
Inference
An interpretation reached by reasoning from observations or other evidence.
Infertility
Difficulty conceiving a pregnancy.
Informed consent
Voluntary agreement to a treatment or test after understanding its purpose, possible benefits and risks.
Infrared radiation
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth’s warm surface and atmosphere, transferring energy without requiring a material medium.
Inheritance
The passing of genetic information from parents to offspring.
Inherited characteristic
A feature of an organism that can be passed from parents to offspring through genes.
Initial velocity
The velocity at the start of the time interval being considered, represented by uuu.
Input energy transfer
The total energy transferred into a device or system.
Insecticide
A chemical used to kill insects, including insect pests that damage crops.
Insulator
A material through which electric charge cannot flow freely.
Insulin
A hormone made by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose concentration by helping glucose move into cells and be stored.
Insulin resistance
A reduced response of body cells to insulin.
Interaction
A mutual action between two objects in which each exerts a force on the other.
Interdependence
The network of dependencies between organisms in a community, through which a change in one population can affect others.
Intermolecular force
An attraction between separate molecules, weaker than the strong covalent bonds within them.
Internal energy
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material.
International System of Units (SI)
An internationally agreed system of measurement units, built from seven base units and combinations of them.
Interphase
The part of the cell cycle in which a cell grows, copies its DNA and grows further in preparation for division.
Interpolation
Estimating a value between known data values, for example by reading between points along a suitable line on a graph.
Interspecific competition
Competition between members of different species.
Intraspecific competition
Competition between members of the same species.
Inverse proportion
A relationship in which multiplying one quantity by a factor divides the other by that factor.
Inverse time
The reciprocal of the time taken, written 1/t1/t1/t. It is proportional to reaction rate when the same amount of change is timed.
Ion
An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge.
Ionic bond
A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic compound
A substance made from positive and negative ions, with no overall electrical charge.
Ionic equation
An equation showing only the particles that take part in the chemical change, leaving out unchanged spectator ions.
Ionisation
The formation of ions from neutral particles. Acids ionise in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+\mathrm{H^+}H+, and negative ions.
1,166 key terms
