Edexcel GCSE Physics

Units and Measurements

• 1.1 SI Units
• 1.2 Prefixes
• 1.3 Unit Conversion
• 1.4 Significant Figures and Standard Form

Scalars and Vectors

• 2.1 Scalar Quantities
• 2.2 Vector Quantities
• 2.3 Difference between Vectors and Scalars
• 2.4 Recalling Vector and Scalar Quantities

Velocity and Acceleration

• 2.5 Velocity Definition
• 2.6 Speed, Distance, Time Equations
• 2.7 Distance/Time Graphs
• 2.8 Acceleration Equation
• 2.9 Velocity Squared Equation
• 2.10 Velocity/Time Graphs

Measurement and Everyday Speeds

• 2.11 Measuring Speed
• 2.12 Typical Speeds
• 2.13 Acceleration due to Gravity

Newton's Laws, Weight and Mass

• 2.14 Newton's First Law
• 2.15 Newton's Second Law
• 2.16 Weight Equation
• 2.17 Measuring Weight
• 2.18 Weight and Gravitational Field Strength
• 2.19 Core Practical: Force, Mass and Acceleration

Circular Motion and Momentum

• 2.20 Circular Motion Velocity
• 2.21 Centripetal Force
• 2.22 Inertial Mass
• 2.23 Newton's Third Law and Momentum Conservation
• 2.24 Momentum Equation
• 2.25 Examples of Momentum
• 2.26 Force and Change in Momentum

Safety and Stopping Distances

• 2.27 Human Reaction Times
• 2.28 Stopping Distance Components
• 2.29 Factors Affecting Stopping Distance
• 2.30 Factors Affecting Reaction Time
• 2.31 Dangers of Decelerations
• 2.32P Braking Distance Estimates
• 2.33P Work Done in Braking

Energy Stores and Transfers

• 3.1 Gravitational Potential Energy
• 3.2 Kinetic Energy
• 3.3 Energy Transfer Diagrams
• 3.4 Conservation of Energy

Conservation and Dissipation

• 3.5 Energy Changes in Systems
• 3.6 Closed Systems
• 3.7 Wasteful Mechanical Processes
• 3.8 Dissipation of Energy
• 3.9 Reducing Unwanted Energy Transfer
• 3.10 Thermal Conductivity and Cooling

Efficiency and Energy Resources

• 3.11 Efficiency Equation
• 3.12 Increasing Efficiency
• 3.13 Energy Sources
• 3.14 Patterns in Energy Use

Properties of Waves

• 4.1 Energy Transfer
• 4.2 Wave Evidence
• 4.3 Frequency and Wavelength
• 4.4 Wave Terms
• 4.5 Longitudinal vs Transverse
• 4.6 Wave Equations

Measuring Waves and Behaviour

• 4.7 Measuring Velocity
• 4.8P Depth Calculation
• 4.9P Wave Effects at Interfaces
• 4.10 Refraction at Boundaries
• 4.11 Wave Interaction with Substances

Sound and Ultrasound

• 4.12P Sound Conversion and Hearing
• 4.13P Ultrasound Definition
• 4.14P Infrasound Definition
• 4.15P Uses of Ultrasound/Infrasound
• 4.16P Sound Transmission Changes

Practical

• 4.17 Core Practical: Waves in Solid and Fluid

Light, Lenses and Reflection

• 5.1P Ray Diagrams and TIR
• 5.2P Specular and Diffuse Reflection
• 5.3P Colour of Light
• 5.4P Lens Power
• 5.5P Ray Diagrams for Lenses
• 5.6P Real and Virtual Images

EM Waves Properties and Practical

• 5.7 EM Waves Properties
• 5.8 EM Energy Transfer
• 5.9 Core Practical: Refraction

The EM Spectrum

• 5.10 EM Spectrum Groupings
• 5.11 Continuous Spectrum
• 5.12 Visible Light Range
• 5.13 Interaction with Substances
• 5.14 Velocity Differences

Radiation and Temperature

• 5.15P Emission and Temperature
• 5.16P Constant Temperature Conditions
• 5.17P Power Balance
• 5.18P Earth's Temperature
• 5.19P Core Practical: Thermal Radiation

Dangers and Uses

• 5.20 Frequency and Danger
• 5.21 Harmful Effects
• 5.22 Uses of EM Radiation 3 notes
  • Uses of Radio Waves, Microwaves and Infrared
  • Uses of Visible Light and Ultraviolet
  • Uses of X-rays and Gamma Rays
• 5.23 Radio Waves and Circuits
• 5.24 Atomic Changes and Radiation

Atomic Structure

• 6.1 Atomic Model
• 6.2 Atomic Size
• 6.3 Isotope Structure
• 6.4 Nucleus Characteristics
• 6.5 Relative Masses and Charges
• 6.6 Neutral Atom
• 6.7 Electron Orbits
• 6.8 Orbit Changes
• 6.9 Ion Formation

Radiation Types

• 6.10 Types of Radiation
• 6.11 Ionising Radiations
• 6.12 Background Radiation Definition
• 6.13 Origins of Background Radiation
• 6.14 Measuring Radioactivity
• 6.15 Radiation Particles
• 6.16 Comparison of Radiations

Decay and Equations

• 6.17 Development of Atomic Model
• 6.18 Beta-minus Decay
• 6.19 Beta-plus Decay
• 6.20 Effects of Decay
• 6.21 Nuclear Rearrangement
• 6.22 Balancing Nuclear Equations

Half-life

• 6.23 Activity Decrease
• 6.24 Becquerel
• 6.25 Half-life Definition
• 6.26 Prediction of Decay
• 6.27 Half-life Calculations

Uses and Dangers of Radioactivity

• 6.28P Uses of Radioactivity
• 6.29 Dangers of Ionising Radiation
• 6.30P Dangers and Half-life
• 6.31 Safety Precautions
• 6.32 Contamination vs Irradiation

Medical Uses

• 6.33P Tumour Treatment
• 6.34P Medical Diagnosis
• 6.35P Isotope Production for PET

Nuclear Fission

• 6.36P Nuclear Power Evaluation
• 6.37P Nuclear Energy Sources
• 6.38P Fission of U-235
• 6.39P Chain Reaction Principle
• 6.40P Control in Reactors
• 6.41P Electricity Generation
• 6.42P Fission Products

Nuclear Fusion

• 6.43P Nuclear Fusion Description
• 6.44P Fusion vs Fission
• 6.45P Conditions for Fusion
• 6.46P Fusion Power Difficulty

Solar System and Orbits

• 7.1P Gravity on Different Bodies
• 7.2P Solar System Composition
• 7.3P Planet Order
• 7.4P Structure Changes
• 7.5P Orbits
• 7.6P Circular Orbits Physics
• 7.7P Stable Orbits

The Universe

• 7.8P Theories of Universe Origin
• 7.9P Evidence for Big Bang
• 7.10P Accepted Model
• 7.11P Doppler Effect
• 7.12P Red-shift
• 7.13P Expansion Evidence
• 7.14P Theories and Red-shift
• 7.15P CMB Radiation

Stellar Evolution

• 7.16P Star Evolution (Solar Mass)
• 7.17P Star Life Cycle Balance
• 7.18P Star Evolution (Large Mass)
• 7.19P Observing the Universe

Work and Energy Transfers

• 8.1 Energy Changes in Systems
• 8.2 Energy Transfer Diagrams
• 8.3 Closed Systems
• 8.4 Ways of Changing Energy
• 8.5 Work Done and Energy Transferred

Work, GPE and KE Equations

• 8.6 Work Done Equation
• 8.7 Energy and Work Calculations
• 8.8 GPE Equation
• 8.9 KE Equation
• 8.10 Dissipation of Energy

Power and Efficiency

• 8.11 Wasteful Mechanical Processes
• 8.12 Power Definition
• 8.13 Power Equation
• 8.14 Watt Definition
• 8.15 Efficiency Equation

Forces, Vectors and Diagrams

• 9.1 Object Interactions
• 9.2 Vectors and Scalars
• 9.3 Vector Diagrams
• 9.4 Free Body Force Diagrams
• 9.5 Resolved Forces and Equilibrium

Moments, Levers and Gears

• 9.6P Rotation
• 9.7P Moment Equation
• 9.8P Principle of Moments
• 9.9P Levers and Gears

• 9.10 Lubrication

Circuits, Potential Difference and Charge

• 10.1 Atomic Structure
• 10.2 Circuit Diagrams
• 10.3 Series vs Parallel
• 10.4 Voltmeter Connection
• 10.5 Potential Difference Definition
• 10.6 Energy Transferred Equation
• 10.7 Ammeter Connection

Current, Charge and Resistance

• 10.8 Electric Current
• 10.9 Charge Equation
• 10.10 Current in Closed Circuit
• 10.11 Conservation of Current
• 10.12 Variable Resistors

Resistance Calculations and Practical

• 10.13 Ohm's Law Equation
• 10.14 Resistors in Series and Parallel
• 10.15 Series Circuit Calculations
• 10.16 Design of Series Circuits
• 10.17 Core Practical: Electrical Circuits

Component Characteristics

• 10.18 V-I Characteristics
• 10.19 LDR Resistance
• 10.20 Thermistor Resistance
• 10.21 Circuit Design for Characteristics

Heating Effect and Energy

• 10.22 Heating Effect
• 10.23 Electrical Energy Dissipation
• 10.24 Collision Theory of Resistance
• 10.25 Reducing Unwanted Energy Transfer
• 10.26 Advantages and Disadvantages of Heating

Power and Energy Equations

• 10.27 Energy Transferred Equation
• 10.28 Power Definition
• 10.29 Power Equation (Energy/Time)
• 10.30 Power Transfer Relation
• 10.31 Electrical Power Equations

Mains Electricity

• 10.32 Domestic Energy Transfers
• 10.33 DC vs AC Voltage
• 10.34 Direct Current
• 10.35 Alternating Current
• 10.36 UK Domestic Supply
• 10.37 Live and Neutral Wires
• 10.38 Earth Wire and Fuses
• 10.39 Switches and Fuses Connection
• 10.40 Mains Potential Differences
• 10.41 Dangers of Mains
• 10.42 Power Ratings

Static Charge

• 11.1P Charging by Friction
• 11.2P Electron Transfer
• 11.3P Forces Between Charges
• 11.4P Electrostatic Phenomena
• 11.5P Earthing
• 11.6P Uses of Electrostatics
• 11.7P Dangers of Sparking

Electric Fields

• 11.8P Electric Field Definition
• 11.9P Field Shape and Direction
• 11.10P Field Concept Application

Magnets and Magnetic Fields

• 12.1 Magnetic Poles
• 12.2 Magnetic Materials
• 12.3 Permanent and Induced Magnets
• 12.4 Magnetic Field Shape
• 12.5 Plotting Compasses
• 12.6 Earth's Magnetism

Electromagnetism

• 12.7 Magnetic Field around Conductor
• 12.8 Field Strength Factors
• 12.9 Solenoids

Motor Effect

• 12.10 Force on Conductor
• 12.11 Magnetic Forces Interaction
• 12.12 Fleming's Left-Hand Rule
• 12.13 Force Equation
• 12.14P Electric Motors

Induction and Generators

• 13.1P Producing Electric Current
• 13.2 Factors Affecting Induction
• 13.3P Alternators and Dynamos
• 13.4P Microphones and Loudspeakers

Transformers and the Grid

• 13.5 Transformer Induction
• 13.6 Transformer Voltage
• 13.7P Turns Ratio Equation
• 13.8 National Grid Efficiency
• 13.9 Step-up and Step-down Transformers
• 13.10 Transformer Power Equation
• 13.11P High Voltage Transmission Advantages

States of Matter and Density

• 14.1 Kinetic Theory Model
• 14.2 Density Equation
• 14.3 Core Practical: Densities
• 14.4 Density Differences
• 14.5 Physical Changes

Heat, Specific Heat and Latent Heat

• 14.6 Heating a System
• 14.7 SHC and SLH Definitions
• 14.8 Specific Heat Capacity Equation
• 14.9 Specific Latent Heat Equation
• 14.10 Thermal Insulation
• 14.11 Core Practical: Properties of Water

Gas Laws and Pressure

• 14.12 Gas Pressure
• 14.13 Temperature and Pressure
• 14.14 Absolute Zero
• 14.15 Kelvin and Celsius
• 14.16P Compression and Expansion
• 14.17P Pressure Force
• 14.18P Volume and Pressure
• 14.19P Pressure-Volume Equation
• 14.20P Work on a Gas

Springs and Elasticity

• 15.1 Forces for Stretching/Bending
• 15.2 Elastic vs Inelastic Distortion
• 15.3 Spring Constant Equation
• 15.4 Work Done in Stretching Equation
• 15.5 Linear vs Non-linear Extension
• 15.6 Core Practical: Spring Extension

Pressure in Fluids

• 15.7P Atmospheric Pressure
• 15.8P Pressure in a Fluid
• 15.9P Force Normal to Surface
• 15.10P Pressure Relation
• 15.11P Pressure Equation
• 15.12P Pressure Depth and Density
• 15.13P Pressure Explanation
• 15.14P Liquid Pressure Equation

Upthrust

• 15.15P Upthrust
• 15.16P Upthrust and Displacement
• 15.17P Floating and Sinking