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Edexcel · 1SC0 · 1SC0
Simple molecule
A small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds, such as hydrogen, H2\mathrm{H_2}H2, or water, H2O\mathrm{H_2O}H.
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SI unit
A unit belonging to the International System of Units, the standard system used for scientific measurements.
Solenoid
A long coil of insulated wire that produces a magnetic field when it carries a current.
Solute
A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
Solution
A mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.
Solvent
A liquid in which a solute dissolves.
Solvent front
The furthest position reached by the solvent during chromatography.
Soot
Fine carbon particles produced by incomplete combustion.
Specialised cell
A cell with structural adaptations that enable it to perform a particular function within an organism.
Specific heat capacity
The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C, without changing its state. Its unit is J/(kg °C).
Specific latent heat
The energy needed to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without changing its temperature. Its unit is J/kg.
Specific latent heat of fusion
The energy needed to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid without changing its temperature.
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
The energy needed to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas without changing its temperature.
Specimen
A biological sample prepared for examination, such as a thin layer of onion tissue on a microscope slide.
Spectator ion
An ion that remains unchanged during a reaction and is omitted from the final ionic equation.
Speed
The rate at which an object travels distance, measured in metres per second (m/s).
Spring constant
A measure of a spring's stiffness. In the linear region, k=F/xk = F/xk=F/x, measured in newtons per metre (N/m).
Stain
A dye or chemical used to make particular structures easier to distinguish in a specimen.
Standard form
A way of writing a positive number as a×10na\times10^na×10n, where 1≤a<101\leq a<101≤a<10 and nnn is an integer.
State symbol
An abbreviation showing physical state in an equation: (s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas or (aq) dissolved in water.
Stationary phase
The phase that stays in place during chromatography; in paper chromatography, it is contained in the paper.
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce more stem cells and can differentiate into specialised cells.
Stent
A small mesh tube placed inside an artery to hold it open and improve blood flow.
Step-down transformer
A transformer that decreases the size of an alternating potential difference.
Step-up transformer
A transformer that increases the size of an alternating potential difference.
Sterilisation
The killing of microorganisms on or in a material, such as food or medical equipment.
Sticky ends
Short, exposed single-stranded sections of DNA left by some restriction enzymes, which can pair with complementary DNA ends.
Stimulus
A change in the internal or external environment that can be detected by a receptor.
Stoichiometry
The relative amounts of reactants and products in a reaction, expressed by the coefficients in its balanced equation.
Stoma
A pore in the surface of a leaf, surrounded by guard cells, through which gases and water vapour can diffuse.
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