Series and Parallel Circuits

Describe the fundamental differences between joining electrical components in series and in parallel.
Explain that for components connected in series, the current is the same through each component, and the total potential difference is shared between them.
Explain that for components connected in parallel, the potential difference across each component is the same, and the total current is the sum of the currents through the separate components.
Understand qualitatively why adding resistors in series increases the net resistance, whereas adding resistors in parallel decreases the net resistance.
Calculate currents, potential differences, and resistances in direct current (DC) series circuits.
Solve problems for circuits containing resistors in series using the concept of equivalent resistance.
Set up an appropriate circuit to investigate factors affecting the resistance of electrical components, such as the length of a wire at a constant temperature and combinations of resistors in series and parallel.
Calculate the total resistance of two components in series using the formula: $R_{t o t a l} = R_{1}$

What you need to know