Understand the fundamental role that energy changes play in chemical reactions.
Explain how particle interactions frequently involve notable transfers of energy due to the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of new bonds.
Differentiate clearly between exothermic reactions (which actively release energy to the surroundings) and endothermic reactions (which absorb thermal energy from the surroundings).
Evaluate how the heating and cooling effects resulting from specific particle interactions are harnessed across various everyday applications.
Understand the concept that particular interactions between ions within an electrolyte can result in the generation of electrical energy.
Describe how modern cells and batteries rely on these underlying chemical reactions to practically supply electricity.
Understand how electricity can conversely be used to decompose ionic substances, acting as a crucial methodology for producing valuable elements that are otherwise too difficult to extract.
