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An outward struggle to defend Islam and the Muslim community, which may include armed defence under strict conditions.

The outward struggle to defend Islam against threats; it can include fighting under restricted conditions.

Lesser jihad is the outward struggle to defend Islam against threats. It can involve physical defence in restricted circumstances, but jihad does not simply mean warfare and does not justify targeting innocent civilians.

The outward struggle to defend Islam against threats, which can include military defence under strict conditions.

Distinguish conditions for declaring lesser jihad, such as a just cause and a last resort, from restrictions on how fighting is conducted, such as protecting innocent people.

Jihad means struggle or striving, not simply war. Distinguish the inner struggle of Greater Jihad from the outward struggle of Lesser Jihad.

When explaining armed Lesser Jihad, include its restrictions: it is not permission for unrestricted violence.

The outward struggle to defend Islam, which can include fighting under restricted circumstances.

The outward struggle to defend Islam, which can include armed struggle under strict conditions; it does not permit attacks on innocent people.

The external struggle to defend Islam and resist oppression, which may include armed fighting under strict conditions.

Muslims commonly distinguish greater jihad, the personal struggle to live faithfully, from lesser jihad, the external struggle to defend Islam and resist oppression. External struggle can involve peaceful action; armed fighting is subject to strict restrictions.

The outward struggle to defend Islam, which can involve non-violent action or, under strict conditions, armed defence.

Lesser jihad

Definition

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AQA GCSE Religious Studies A · 8062

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Eduqas GCSE Religious Studies · C120