OCR GCSE Ancient History · J198
Paper 2
Revise: Early Roman Governors: Scapula and GallusThe Romans crossed the river successfully, but suffered heavily from missiles near the rampart. They formed a testudo, or tortoise-shell formation, to protect themselves with shields and demolished the stone barrier. When the Britons withdrew to the hilltops, Roman light troops attacked with javelins while heavier troops advanced in closer formation.
- Revise: Campaigns of British Resistance Leaders
A Roman ‘tortoise-shell’ formation in which soldiers held their shields together to protect themselves against missiles.