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GCSE History · key term
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, whose members coordinate oil policies, including production targets.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Paper 1
Revise: The Gulf War (1990)In July 1990, Saddam accused Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates of producing more oil than their OPEC quotas allowed. Increased supply depressed oil prices, reducing the revenue Iraq needed to recover from war and repay its debts. He also alleged that Kuwait was stealing oil from the Rumayla oil field, which crossed their border.
Paper 2
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of oil-producing states. Arab members imposed the 1973 oil embargo; it was not an embargo imposed by every OPEC member.
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During the war, Arab members of OPEC imposed an oil embargo against the United States in response to its decision to resupply Israel’s military. They also targeted other supporters of Israel, including the Netherlands, Portugal and South Africa. Alongside the embargo, they cut oil production.