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GCSE Geography · key term
Towards a river’s source, opposite to the direction in which its water flows.
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Specification 3.3.3 · Component 1, Component 2
Revise: Managing Water Across National BoundariesOn a river, upstream means towards the source and downstream means towards the mouth. An upstream country can influence the water reaching countries farther downstream. The central challenge is therefore not simply who controls the river, but how its benefits and risks should be shared.
Develop a causal chain: upstream abstraction reduces downstream supply, which can reduce irrigation and crop yields, creating disputes over water.
When assessing management, consider both upstream development needs and downstream dependence, then explain the conditions needed for cooperation to succeed.
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