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GCSE Geography · key term
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 3.1.1.2 · Paper 1
Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface. Once it erupts onto the surface, it is called lava.
Revise: Plate Tectonics and Plate MarginsThe mantle is mostly solid rock, not an ocean of liquid magma.
Paper 1, Paper 2
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, which can contain dissolved gases.
Revise: Causes and Characteristics of Volcanic HazardsA volcano forms where magma, molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, rises through openings in the crust and erupts. Once it reaches the surface, it is called lava. Volcanic hazards are potentially damaging processes or materials produced by volcanic activity, such as lava flows, ash fall and pyroclastic flows.
Specification 1.2a · Paper 1, Paper 3
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface; when it reaches the surface, it is called lava.
Revise: Processes at Plate Boundaries and HotspotsHot magma rises from the mantle into the opening. At the surface it becomes lava, which cools and solidifies to form new crust. The boundary is called constructive because crust is being created.
At destructive margins, friction helps explain earthquakes; water released from the subducting plate helps explain magma formation. Do not explain melting simply as friction heating the plates.
When comparing volcanoes, compare the same feature on both sides: magma type, viscosity, gas escape, explosivity or shape.
For an explanation, link plate movement to magma reaching the surface, then link lava properties to the volcano’s shape and eruption style.
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