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The change in the vertical-axis quantity divided by the corresponding change in the horizontal-axis quantity.

The change in the vertical-axis value divided by the change in the horizontal-axis value.

The gradient of a quantity–time graph shows its rate of change: a steep section means a high rate, and a horizontal section has a rate of zero. To judge the rate at one chosen time on a curved graph, draw a straight tangent that touches the curve there and follows its direction. A steeper tangent indicates a faster rate.

For a rate at one particular time, draw the tangent at that time. Higher Tier students should calculate its gradient using two well-separated points on the tangent, not two points on the curve.

When comparing reactions, compare gradients at the same time or stage. Do not assume that the curve with the greatest final height was the fastest.

For a curve, do not find the instantaneous rate using two points on the curve either side of the stated time; draw a tangent at that time and calculate its gradient.

The change in the vertical-axis value divided by the corresponding change in the horizontal-axis value.

A horizontal section has zero gradient, so the measured quantity is no longer changing.

The change in the vertical value divided by the change in the horizontal value on a graph.

A shallow slope has a smaller gradient and represents a slower change. On a product-formed graph, a horizontal section has zero gradient: no more product is being formed, so the rate is zero.

The change in the vertical-axis quantity divided by the change in the horizontal-axis quantity.

The steepness of a graph: the change in its vertical value divided by the change in its horizontal value.

The change in the quantity on a graph’s vertical axis divided by the change in the quantity on its horizontal axis.

The change in the vertical quantity divided by the corresponding change in the horizontal quantity.

A horizontal section has zero gradient, so the measured quantity is no longer changing.

The steepness of a graph: the change in the vertical quantity compared with the change in the horizontal quantity.

The change in a graph’s vertical value divided by the change in its horizontal value.

The rate at which the dependent variable changes with the independent variable; calculated as change in the vertical coordinate divided by change in the horizontal coordinate.

The steepness of a graph, calculated as the change in the vertical quantity divided by the change in the horizontal quantity.

Gradient

Definition

How each exam board covers it

AQA GCSE Chemistry · 8462

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry · 1CH0

Exam tips

Revise Chemistry with GradeGen

OCR GCSE Chemistry A · J248

OCR GCSE Chemistry B · J258