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GCSE Biology · key term
A molecule made from amino acids joined in a particular order.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 4.6.1.5, 4.7.5.2 · Paper 2
Revise: DNA Structure and the Genetic CodeDNA carries instructions for making proteins. It is a polymer: a long molecule made by joining many smaller, repeating units. In DNA, each unit is a nucleotide.
A nutrient made from amino acids and needed to make new cells and tissues during growth and repair.
Specification 3.5, 3.7B · Paper 1
A molecule made from a particular sequence of amino acids and involved in the structure or functioning of an organism.
Revise: Genome and GenesGenes occupy particular sections of DNA, and the genome also contains DNA outside protein-coding genes. In humans and other eukaryotes, most DNA is in the nucleus, with a small amount also present in mitochondria.
A molecule made from one or more folded polypeptide chains with a particular three-dimensional shape and function.
Specification B1.3e · Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher)
A biological polymer made from a chain of amino acids that folds into a particular three-dimensional shape.
Revise: Role of amino acidsAmino acids are small molecules used to build proteins. Each amino acid can act as a monomer: a small subunit that can be joined to other monomers. When many amino acids are joined into a chain, the resulting protein is a polymer.
Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher), Paper 4 (Higher)
A molecule made from amino acids that may form structures or perform functions in cells, such as acting as an enzyme.
Revise: Genotype and PhenotypeSections of DNA called genes provide instructions for joining amino acids in particular orders to make proteins. Some proteins form structures, while others have functional roles. Enzymes, for example, are proteins that control chemical reactions.
A large biological molecule made from a chain of amino acids; its amino-acid composition and order affect its properties.
A polymer made from amino acids joined in a particular order; its properties depend on which amino acids it contains and their sequence.
A chain of amino acids that folds into a particular shape and performs one or more biological roles.
Keep the two sequences distinct: bases are ordered in DNA; amino acids are ordered in a protein. Three bases code for one amino acid, not one whole protein.
Treat high-protein feed separately from limiting movement and controlling temperature: it supplies materials for growth rather than directly reducing energy transfer to the environment.
Define a gene as a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein. Both “section of DNA” and “specific protein” may be needed for full credit.
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