AQA GCSE Biology · 8461
Specification 4.3.1.9 · Paper 1
- Revise: Drug Development
Laboratory testing of a potential drug on cells, tissues and live animals before it is tested in people.
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GCSE Biology · key term
Testing of a potential medicine in a laboratory using cells, tissues and live animals before it is tested on people.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 4.3.1.9 · Paper 1
Laboratory testing of a potential drug on cells, tissues and live animals before it is tested in people.
Specification 5.20 · Paper 1
Testing performed before a potential medicine is given to humans, using laboratory systems such as cultured cells and tissues and, where appropriate, live animals.
Scientists must find a promising substance, develop it into a possible treatment, and then collect evidence that it is sufficiently safe and effective at a suitable dose. This involves a sequence of . Antibiotics pass through this overall process just as other new medicines do.
When asked to describe drug development, give the stages in order: preclinical testing on cells, tissues and live animals, followed by clinical trials using healthy volunteers and patients.
When asked to describe the process, give the stages in order: discovery → development → preclinical testing → clinical testing.
Keep the groups and purposes distinct: cultured human cells and animals are used in preclinical testing; healthy volunteers are first used mainly to assess safety; people with the disease are used to assess safety and effectiveness.
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Specification B6.3q · Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 4 (Higher)
Revise: New medicinesPreclinical testing takes place in the laboratory before clinical trials. A candidate is tested using cells and tissues. This can show whether it has the desired biological effect and whether it damages cells.
Paper 1 (Foundation), Paper 2 (Foundation), Paper 3 (Higher), Paper 4 (Higher)
Testing a potential medicine on cultured human cells and animals before it is tested in people.
Revise: Development of MedicinesPreclinical testing takes place before tests in humans. OCR specifies the use of cultured human cells and animals to investigate both safety and effectiveness.