Palisade mesophyll

Just below the upper epidermis is the palisade mesophyll. Its column-shaped cells are closely packed and contain many chloroplasts, which absorb light for photosynthesis. Their position near the upper surface helps them receive plenty of light.

The upper epidermis is transparent, so light can pass through it to the palisade mesophyll beneath. Palisade cells contain many chloroplasts, especially useful near the upper surface where they receive most light. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.