• Describe wave motion in terms of amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period. • Describe evidence that it is the wave, not the medium (water or air), that travels. • Describe the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves. • Identify waves on a rope as transverse and sound waves in air as longitudinal. • Define wavelength and frequency. • Apply the wave equation: • Describe methods to measure the speed of ripples on water and sound waves in air. • Describe how to use a ripple tank to measure wave speed, frequency, and wavelength. • Describe the effects of reflection and refraction at material interfaces. • Describe how to measure the refraction of light through a prism and investigation of reflection off a plane mirror. • Recall that wave speeds vary in different substances and may depend on wavelength. • Explain refraction in terms of differences in wave speed in different substances. • Recall that light is a transverse electromagnetic wave.