• Define a wave as a regular disturbance transferring energy without transferring matter. • Distinguish between transverse waves (disturbance perpendicular to motion) and longitudinal waves (disturbance parallel to motion). • Define wave speed, frequency, and wavelength. • Model the reflection and refraction of light and sound using water waves. • Explain refraction as a change in wave speed leading to a change in wavelength and direction when passing into a different medium.
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