OCR GCSE Combined Science B key terms

Bubbling caused by a gas being produced and escaping from a liquid.

How effectively a medicine produces its intended treatment effect.

The fraction of the total energy transferred to a device that is transferred usefully.

A change in shape or size that is reversed when the applied forces are removed.

The limit beyond which deformation becomes permanent: the object no longer returns fully to its original shape when unloaded.

Energy stored in an object when it is elastically stretched or compressed.

A measure of how readily a material allows electric current to flow.

The flow of electric charge.

A conductor through which electrons enter or leave an electrolyte at its surface.

The decomposition of an electrolyte by an electric current.

A liquid or solution containing mobile ions that carry an electric current.

A magnet produced by an electric current, commonly made using a coil of wire around an iron core.

The complete range of electromagnetic radiation, arranged by wavelength or frequency.

A wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that transfers energy. Visible light and infrared radiation are examples.

A particle surrounding the nucleus with relative charge −1 and relative mass approximately 1/2000.

The distribution of an atom’s or ion’s electrons among its electron shells, for example $2,8,1$.

A microscope that uses a beam of electrons rather than visible light to produce an image.

An allowed energy level occupied by electrons around an atomic nucleus.

The reduction in the nucleus’s attraction for outer electrons caused by electrons in inner shells.

The force of attraction between particles with opposite electrical charges.

A substance containing only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

A two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object seen directly from the front or side.

A cell from an early embryo that can differentiate into almost any type of body cell.

The release of a substance into the environment, such as a gas entering the atmosphere from a vehicle exhaust.

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

The glands that secrete hormones into the blood to coordinate responses in the body.

A chemical process that requires energy to be transferred into it from its surroundings.