Assess how methods of punishment have changed over time.
Describe the harsh nature of punishment in Saxon and medieval times.
Explain the treatment and punishment of vagabonds in Tudor times.
Analyze the use of public punishments, such as stocks, pillories, and executions, up to the nineteenth century.
Evaluate the use of transportation as a method of punishment from the 1770s to the 1860s.
Assess the need for prison reform and evaluate the contributions of John Howard, Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, and Elizabeth Fry.
Explain the development of new prisons in the later nineteenth century, including the implementation of the silent and separate systems.
Analyze alternative methods of dealing with prisoners in the twentieth century, such as borstals, open prisons, probation, parole, and community service.
