Key term for Edexcel GCSE Geography A, used in Global Development.
Large-scale, high-cost projects managed by national governments or IGOs, with decisions made centrally and little local input.
Top-down development appears in Edexcel GCSE Geography A revision content for The Human Environment, especially Global Development and Development Case Study: Impacts.
The Human Environment
Global Development • Development Case Study: Impacts
The Human Environment
Global Development • Development Case Study: Geopolitics
The Human Environment
Global Development • Development Case Study: Influencing Factors
The Human Environment
Global Development • Strategies for Development
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