Atomic structure

Describe how the Dalton model of the atom evolved over time due to the discovery of subatomic particles.

Describe the structure of an atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells.

Recall the relative charge and relative mass of a proton, a neutron, and an electron.

Explain why atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, resulting in no overall charge.

Describe the nucleus of an atom as extremely small compared to the overall size of the atom.

Understand that most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus.

Define and understand the term mass number of an atom.

Describe atoms of a given element as having a unique and identical number of protons in their nucleus.

Describe isotopes as different atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Calculate the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms when provided with the atomic number and mass number.

Explain how the existence of isotopes causes the relative atomic masses of some elements to not be whole numbers.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element using the relative masses and abundances of its isotopes.