Blood doping

3.2.2.3 Ethical and socio-cultural issues in physical activity and sport

What you need to know

Describe the process of blood doping, which involves the removal, freezing, and re-injection of blood.
Explain how blood doping increases the red blood cell count and evaluate which types of performers would benefit from this.
Identify the severe side effects of blood doping, including increased blood viscosity, potential infection, risk of heart attack, and embolism.