AQA GCSE English Literature key terms

An object of worship. Belle uses it metaphorically for money because wealth has become Scrooge’s highest priority.

Worship of an idol rather than God. Jane uses this religious idea to describe making Rochester the centre of her existence.

A lack of knowledge or understanding. It can make someone dependent on other people’s explanations, but does not mean that they lack kindness or practical ability.

The historical status assigned to a child born outside marriage, which could bring social stigma and restrictions on inheritance.

An appearance or experience that leads someone to believe something different from reality.

Language that creates an impression of a sensory experience, such as a sight, sound or physical sensation.

An obstacle or barrier. At Jane’s wedding, Rochester’s existing marriage is a legal impediment to another marriage.

A word or phrase expressing a command or instruction. Its effect may be pleading, reassuring or forceful, depending on its context.

The extension of a country’s power over other territories and peoples. The novel connects its London mystery with British imperial activity overseas.

Acting suddenly without considering the likely consequences.

A repeated chant or formula of words associated with ritual or magical power.

The use of words such as ‘we’, ‘our’ and ‘comrades’ to make listeners feel part of a shared group.

Unable or unwilling to believe something. Lanyon remains incredulous even after witnessing Hyde's transformation into Jekyll.

A legal agreement setting out the obligations of an apprentice and master. Pip’s indentures bind him to Joe until his expectations bring the apprenticeship to an early end.

The ability to make decisions and direct one’s own life. In Jane Eyre, independence includes freedom of thought, moral choice and financial security.

The belief that people should primarily look after themselves rather than take responsibility for the wider community.

Teaching designed to make people accept particular beliefs without questioning them, rather than developing independent judgement.

Allowing someone to do what they want without sufficient limits or correction.

An unequal distribution of resources, opportunities or power between people or groups.

A conclusion drawn from evidence rather than something directly stated.

An interpretation supported by knowledge of the text and reasoned analysis, rather than an unsupported opinion or a general statement about feelings.

Money or property received from someone after their death.

Unfair treatment or an outcome that fails to give someone what they deserve, such as punishing an innocent person.

An opening that begins in the middle of the action rather than explaining the events that led to it.

Language with a second meaning, often sexual, that creates humour or complicates an apparently innocent statement.

Remaining faithful to moral principles, including when doing so is difficult or costly.

An additional payment charged for borrowing money.