Explain practical methods for reducing unwanted energy transfers in systems, such as the use of lubrication and thermal insulation.
Understand that work done against frictional forces causes a rise in temperature and dissipates useful energy, which can be mitigated by lubrication.
Describe how the use of thermal insulation reduces unwanted energy transfer, noting that materials with high thermal conductivity have a higher rate of energy transfer by conduction.
Explain qualitatively how the thickness and thermal conductivity of a building's walls affect its overall rate of cooling.
Discuss the technological applications of science in designing energy-efficient systems.
