Describe the fundamental differences between transverse and longitudinal waves in terms of the direction of oscillation relative to energy transfer.
Identify that in transverse waves, oscillations are perpendicular to energy transfer, using ripples on a water surface as a prime example.
Identify that in longitudinal waves, oscillations are parallel to energy transfer and exhibit areas of compression and rarefaction, using sound waves in air as a key example.
Describe specific experimental methods used to measure the speed of ripples on water surfaces and the speed of sound waves in air.
Interpret experimental data and observations to provide evidence that waves transfer energy without moving the physical medium (water or air) itself.
Evaluate the suitability of laboratory apparatus for measuring the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves in varied mediums.
