Properties of Graphite

Describe the internal atomic structure of graphite, detailing that every individual carbon atom actively forms precisely three covalent bonds with three distinct other carbon atoms.

Explain how this specific atomic arrangement naturally forms separated layers composed entirely of interlocking hexagonal rings, notably possessing absolutely no structural covalent bonds existing actively between the individual separate layers.

Understand that within graphite's unique structure, exactly one singular outer electron directly from each individual carbon atom becomes totally delocalised and highly mobile.

Explain the distinct physical properties of graphite, such as softness and conductivity, strictly in terms of its unique layered structure and specialised bonding.

Understand that graphite is functionally highly similar to standard metals exclusively in the sense that it naturally possesses highly mobile delocalised electrons that permit electrical conduction.