- Draw dot and cross diagrams for small molecules (e.g., H2, Cl2, O2, N2, HCl, H2O, NH3, CH4).
- Recognize substances containing small molecules, polymers, and giant covalent structures.
- Represent covalent bonds using lines in structural formulas.
- Deduce molecular formulas from models.
- Evaluate limitations of different models for representing covalent structures.
