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GCSE History · key term
A farming organisation in which households pooled land and resources under common management. Early cooperatives retained private landownership; higher-level cooperatives replaced it with collective ownership.
Used by Edexcel and OCR
Paper 3
Revise: Agriculture ChangesThe next stage was the Agricultural Producers’ Cooperative (APC). Early cooperatives generally brought together 30–50 households. Members pooled their land for cultivation under a single management, but still owned it: their land contributed shares to the cooperative.
Paper 1
A farming organisation in which households pool resources and work together. Under Mao, lower-stage cooperatives rewarded both land and labour contributions; advanced cooperatives rewarded labour contributions.
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Lower-stage agricultural producers’ cooperatives: households pooled farming resources. Their income depended partly on the land they contributed and partly on their labour.