Edexcel GCSE Geography A · 1GA0
Specification 4.8 · Paper 2
Revise: Managing Urban Challenges and Improving Quality of LifeTop-down management is directed by government or other powerful organisations. It can mobilise substantial investment and coordinate large housing, transport or drainage schemes. However, decision-makers may overlook local needs, and redevelopment can displace residents or disrupt livelihoods.