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GCSE English Literature · key term
Speaking directly to a reader or listener, often using ‘you’.
Used by AQA, Edexcel, OCR and Eduqas
Paper 1, Paper 2
A writer’s or narrator’s explicit communication with an audience, such as Jane’s use of ‘Reader’.
Addressing the audience explicitly. Jane’s use of ‘Reader’ creates intimacy between narrator and reader.
Speaking explicitly to an audience or reader, as Jane does when she uses the word ‘Reader’.
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A narrator’s explicit communication with the reader, rather than with another character.
Speaking directly to an audience or reader, as Jane does when she uses ‘Reader’.
Speaking directly to someone or something, often using ‘you’.
Language directed towards a particular person, using their name, title or second-person pronouns such as ‘you’.
Language spoken to a particular person, often using “you” or naming them.
Speaking directly to someone, often using their name or the pronoun ‘you’. In a poem, the person addressed may be absent.
Paper 2
A narrator or speaker speaking directly to an audience, as Jane does when she calls her audience ‘Reader’.
Revise: Plot overviewWorked paragraph — Part (a), using the opening of Chapter 38 as an extract: Brontë gives Jane authority through the direct address ‘Reader, I married him.’ Addressing the reader creates intimacy, as though Jane is personally confiding the outcome of her story. The active construction ‘I married him’ places Jane as the person announcing her own decision, consistent with the first-person autobiographical form.
A direct reference to the person reading a text. Jane’s use of “Reader” makes her narration feel like a personal conversation.
An address to the audience within a text. Jane’s addresses to the reader allow her to explain and defend her own choices.
A moment when a speaker or narrator explicitly speaks to the reader or audience.
The narrator’s explicit address to the reader, creating the impression of a storyteller speaking to an audience.
Speaking directly to someone, often using their name or the pronoun “you”.
Paper 1, Paper 2
A writer or narrator speaking explicitly to the reader or audience.
Revise: Chapters 11 to 27: ThornfieldThe direct address creates intimacy: we are admitted to a feeling she does not immediately express aloud. Her forgiveness distinguishes emotional compassion from consent to Rochester’s proposed arrangement.
A narrator’s explicit speech to the audience, such as Jane’s use of ‘Reader’.
A narrator’s explicit appeal to the reader, often creating intimacy or inviting a judgement.
Speaking directly to another person within a text, often using ‘you’ or ‘your’.
Language addressed directly to a person or thing, as when Hardy’s speaker turns to the “journeying boy”.
Component 1, Component 2
Speaking directly to a particular person or audience within a text.
Language spoken to a particular person, often using ‘you’; in ‘Catrin’, the mother addresses her daughter.
A narrator or speaker explicitly speaking to an audience, as Jane does when she addresses the ‘reader’.
Speaking explicitly to an audience or reader, as when Jane calls her audience ‘Reader’.
A narrator’s explicit appeal to the reader, creating the impression of a conversation with them.
Language that speaks directly to a listener or reader, often using ‘you’ or ‘your’.
Speaking explicitly to a person or thing, often using a name or the pronoun ‘you’.
Speaking directly to a listener or reader, often through words such as ‘you’.
Language directed towards a particular person or audience, often using “you”.
Speaking directly to a listener or reader, often using a second-person pronoun such as “you”.
