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GCSE Combined Science · key term
A state of matter with a fixed shape and volume; its particles are close together and vibrate about fixed positions.
Used by AQA and OCR
Specification 4.1.1.1 · Paper 1, Paper 2
Revise: Particle ModelThe particle model represents these particles as small, solid spheres. In a flat diagram, we draw circles instead. This simplified picture helps connect things we can observe—such as a liquid flowing—to the arrangement and movement of particles we cannot see directly.
Specification C1.1a · Chemistry Paper 1
A solid ice cube, liquid water and water vapour are different states of the same substance. The explains these states by representing matter as tiny particles. In diagrams, we usually draw the particles as circles or small spheres.
Describe both arrangement and movement: solid particles vibrate about fixed positions; they are not motionless.
Higher Tier: name both limitations of the sphere model—real particles are not solid, inelastic spheres, and the simplest model does not show forces between them.
Solid particles still move: they vibrate about fixed positions.
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