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GCSE Citizenship Studies · key term
Information collected first-hand for an investigation, for example through a survey, interview or observation.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Paper 1, Paper 2
Revise: Formulating Citizenship EnquiriesPrimary research gathers information first-hand: an observation could show how bins are used, a survey could explore awareness, and an interview could provide detailed explanations of practical difficulties.
Information collected first-hand for an investigation, for example through surveys or interviews.
Classify research by who collected the information, not by its format: a published survey is secondary research, while a survey you conduct is primary research.
For an ‘explain’ question, develop each point with a reason or consequence. If asked about two types of primary research, explain how you used each rather than simply naming them.
Create a free account to keep every note you open and track your progress.
Information collected first-hand for an investigation, for example through interviews or surveys.
Information collected directly by the person carrying out an investigation, for example through a survey or interview.
First-hand investigation in which you collect new information yourself, for example through a survey, interview or observation.
Paper 2
Investigation that collects original information directly, for example through a questionnaire, interview or observation.
Revise: Issue Identification and Initial ResearchFor the recycling example, an existing school policy could reveal what arrangements are intended, while information about other projects could suggest possible approaches. However, neither necessarily tells you what pupils currently experience. That gap helps establish the purpose of later primary research, which collects original information directly.
Research in which you collect first-hand information yourself, for example through questionnaires, interviews or observations.
