Ribosome

For example, genetic instructions in the nucleus can be used to make proteins at ribosomes, while respiration in mitochondria transfers the energy needed for cell activities.

Although different types of cell are organised differently, all the cells considered here have a cell membrane and ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where proteins are made using genetic instructions. They are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

In plant and animal cells, DNA is kept in the nucleus, whereas ribosomes—the structures that build proteins—are in the cytoplasm. The cell therefore needs a way to carry a gene's instructions from the DNA to a ribosome.