• Understand the model of radiation where a source emits energy that spreads out and transfers to an absorber. • Identify light as one member of the electromagnetic spectrum family, all of which travel at the same speed through space. • Describe the interaction of radiation with objects, including transmission, reflection, and absorption. • Explain that absorption of radiation typically causes heating, while high-energy radiation (X-rays, gamma rays, UV) causes ionisation. • Analyze the risks of ionising radiation to living cells, including uncontrolled growth and cancer. • Explain the role of ozone in the upper atmosphere in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. • Describe how radio waves are produced by and detected using oscillating electrical currents. • Evaluate the uses of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum based on their transmission, reflection, and absorption properties. • Assess the risks and benefits of technologies utilizing the electromagnetic spectrum.
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