OCR • J560 • 43 key terms
Ascending Order
Arranging values from the smallest to the largest.
From: Number Properties
Base
The number that is being multiplied by itself when using index form.
From: Prime Factorisation
Base-10 System
A numbering system based on powers of 10, where each place value is 10 times larger than the one to its right.
From: Number Properties
Column Method
A vertical method of long multiplication where digits are multiplied systematically and results are summed, using placeholders for tens and hundreds.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Composite number
A positive integer greater than 1 that has more than two factors.
From: Prime Factorisation
Cube Number
The result of an integer multiplied by itself twice.
From: Number Properties
Cube Root
The inverse operation of cubing a number.
From: Number Properties
Descending Order
Arranging values from the largest to the smallest.
From: Number Properties
Difference
The result of a subtraction calculation, representing the numerical gap between two values.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Directed numbers
A number that has both a size (magnitude) and a direction (indicated by a + or - sign).
From: Integer Arithmetic
Dividend
The number that is being divided in a division calculation.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Division ladder
A method of finding prime factors by repeatedly dividing a number by the smallest possible prime until the quotient is 1.
From: Prime Factorisation
Divisor
The number by which the dividend is to be divided.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Even Number
An integer that is exactly divisible by 2 without a remainder.
From: Number Properties
Exponent
The small raised number in index form that shows how many times the base is multiplied by itself.
From: Prime Factorisation
Factor
A whole number that divides into another number exactly without leaving a remainder.
From: HCF and LCM
Factor tree
A diagram used to break a number into prime factors by splitting it into factor pairs until branches end in primes.
From: HCF and LCM
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
The mathematical law stating every integer greater than 1 is either prime or a unique product of primes.
From: Prime Factorisation
Grid Method
A non-calculator multiplication technique where numbers are partitioned into tens and units and multiplied within a table.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Highest Common Factor (HCF)
The largest integer that is a factor of all numbers in a given set.
From: HCF and LCM
Index form
Writing a product of repeated factors using powers.
From: HCF and LCM
Integer
A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero.
From: Number Properties
Integers
A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Intersection
The overlapping region in a Venn diagram containing factors common to both sets.
From: HCF and LCM
Lattice Method
A visual multiplication algorithm that uses a grid and diagonals to calculate products without needing to carry digits during the multiplication step.
From: Integer Arithmetic
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
The smallest integer that is a multiple of all numbers in a given set.
From: HCF and LCM
Multiple
A number found by multiplying a given number by an integer.
From: HCF and LCM
Odd Number
An integer that is not exactly divisible by 2, leaving a remainder of 1.
From: Number Properties
Placeholder
The digit '0' used to maintain the correct place value when a column has no numerical value.
From: Number Properties
Place Value
The numerical value a digit has strictly based on its position in a number.
From: Number Properties
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