B1.1 The Genome and Its Functions Revision — OCR GCSE Combined Science B J260
OCR GCSE Combined Science B · J260
The Genome and Its Functions
Understand that all organisms contain genetic material responsible for controlling cell development and function.
Describe how the majority of an organism's characteristics are dictated by genetic instructions and modified through environmental interactions.
Explain the cellular location of genetic material, differentiating between eukaryotic cells (nucleus) and prokaryotic cells (cytoplasm).
Define the genome as the entire genetic material possessed by a cell or organism.
Understand that the genome is typically packaged into chromosomes, consisting of long DNA molecules containing sections called genes.
Describe how chromosomes in plant and animal cells exist in pairs, with each chromosome in a pair carrying the same genes.
Define alleles as different versions of a gene within a pair and genetic variants as different versions of a gene across a population.
Evaluate the difference between an organism's genotype (its combination of alleles) and its phenotype (the characteristics resulting from this combination and environmental interaction).
Explain how genes instruct cells to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids in specific sequences.
