Coastal Management Strategies

Evaluate highly contemporary management options meticulously designed to effectively reduce the severe risk of major coastal flooding and continuous coastal erosion.
Analyze the financial costs and defensive benefits of major hard engineering options, specifically including concrete sea walls, timber groynes, wire gabions, and heavy rock armour.
Assess the environmental costs and ecological benefits of complex soft engineering options, specifically including large-scale beach nourishment, careful beach stabilisation, and intentional wetland creation.
Explain the radically differing modern coastal management concepts of actively 'holding the line' versus intentionally 'retreating the line'.

What you need to know