Rates of reaction

Investigate how altering reaction conditions affects the rate of chemical reactions by measuring gas production or observing colour changes.

Suggest appropriate practical methods for determining the specific rate of a given chemical reaction.

Explain the collision theory of reactions, stating that reactions occur upon particle collision and that reaction rates increase with higher collision frequency or energy.

Explain how changes in temperature, concentration, surface area to volume ratio, and pressure influence reaction rates by affecting the frequency and energy of particle collisions.

Interpret graphical data plotting the mass, volume, or concentration of reactants or products against time.

Describe a catalyst as a distinct substance that accelerates a reaction without altering the final products, remaining chemically and quantitatively unchanged at the reaction's conclusion.

Explain how the presence of a catalyst increases a reaction's rate by lowering the required activation energy.

Recall that enzymes function as biological catalysts and identify their application in the production of alcoholic beverages.