Kim Kardashian: industries and audiences

Industry: how her online presence makes money by promoting her own businesses, including make-up and shapewear, and the 2019 row over the name of her shapewear brand; debates about regulating influencer advertising.
Audiences: a global mass following, fandom and identity, Uses and Gratifications, and why some audiences react against her.
The 2025 Paper 1 question on how online and social media products are made commercially successful.
Online content changes all the time, so write about the typical features and choices of the pages and posts, in your own words, rather than one day's posts.

What you need to know